Number Words

I was getting caught up on the New Yorker, reading an article about math and the human brain, and came across this fascinating passage:

Today, Arabic numerals are in use pretty much around the world, while the words with which we name numbers naturally differ from language to language. And, as Dehaene and others have noted, these differences are far from trivial. English is cumbersome. There are special words for the numbers from 11 to 19, and for the decades from 20 to 90. This makes counting a challenge for English-speaking children, who are prone to such errors as “twenty-eight, twenty-nine, twenty-ten, twenty-eleven.” French is just as bad, with vestigial base-twenty monstrosities, like quatre-vingt-dix-neuf (“four twenty ten nine”) for 99. Chinese, by contrast, is simplicity itself; its number syntax perfectly mirrors the base-ten form of Arabic numerals, with a minimum of terms. Consequently, the average Chinese four-year-old can count up to forty, whereas American children of the same age struggle to get to fifteen. And the advantages extend to adults. Because Chinese number words are so brief—they take less than a quarter of a second to say, on average, compared with a third of a second for English—the average Chinese speaker has a memory span of nine digits, versus seven digits for English speakers. (Speakers of the marvellously efficient Cantonese dialect, common in Hong Kong, can juggle ten digits in active memory.)

Fourth Quarter

The extended Democratic contest won’t necessarily be bad. In fact, it could be helpful. Ron Klain gives some reasons why: it will give the party more time to make sure it picks the right nominee, it will make that nominee a better candidate, it’s a great recruiting tool for Democrats (“identifying possible Democratic voters for the fall, expanding the party’s fundraising base and substantially growing its ranks of volunteers and activists”), and it keeps McCain from making any news. (The latter isn’t necessarily important, since come September both nominees will get equal coverage.)

So, take heart.